Importance Of Children In The Victorian Era - 1669 Words

The Belittled Little Ones of the Victorian Era Children of all classes during the Victorian era were seen but not heard. At the age of five, children were working to make a living during this time. Children during the Victorian era were raised and perceived as adults. In the story Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens wrote about a young orphan raised in a workhouse, where he was abused and overworked. Charles Dickens displayed in his literature how Victorian children were thrown around and were looked as nothing more than workers. He focused on this because he wanted to show how children were treated, and how people during that time did not see it as wrong. Charles Dickens revealed ways in which children in the Victorian era who were apart of the†¦show more content†¦Charles Dickens shows their lifestyle through his literature Oliver Twist and how the expectations the children lived under was supposed to result in the main goal of perfection. All children during the Victorian era could relate in a way. They all lacked relatio nships and social interactions with others. They also lived life in constant competition; either for food, work, or even popularity. Even though all the Victorians may not have lived the same lifestyle, they all wanted the same thing. The children in this time period were raised based by their social status. Many had no communication or did not know how to be affectionate due to the lack of attention, and interaction with family. Not having these basic skills caused many complications for the children such as hunger, isolation, and not having the knowledge of how to live life the proper lifestyle that was expected during the Victorian era . This made living hard, especially because family was so important during this time. Lower class children struggled to stay in homes and off the streets. During the Victorian era many children in the lower class were placed into a workhouse, because of the lack of money and basic necessities (Jordan 262). As children grew up in a workhouse, they lacked relationships with their family because of being abandoned or homeless. Not being raised by a family had a great affect on children in this era. VictorianShow MoreRelatedHow Class and Social Structure of the Victorian Era Is Reflected by the Literature of the Time1453 Words   |  6 Pagescountries in becoming a democracy and the uprising of societies against constricting governments. However during the Victorian Era, a structured hierarchical environment was not only accepted but was considered to be of the upmost importance in society’s continuous survival. Victorian Literature allows readers to gain a critical insight into the class and social hierarchy of the era, by outlining the extensive amount of guidel ines and restrictions applicable to each class and therefore how these affectedRead MoreThe Importance of Being Earnest Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesA Trivial Comedy for Serious People Oscar Wilde mocked his audience while he entertained them. Perhaps his most loved and well-known work, The Importance of Being Earnest, satirises the manners and affections of the upper-class Victorian society. Satire is a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, usually with the intent of changing or correcting the subject of the satirical attack. The play focuses on the elite, while making fun of the ludicrousness and extremityRead MoreThe Influence Of Society On Victorian Relationships1411 Words   |  6 PagesInfluence of Society on Victorian Relationships Afraid of rejection in the Victorian Era, men and women sought after relationships that agreed with the expectations set by society. Victorian literature satirized and underscored these expectations and their effects on individuals. During the Victorian Era relationships were not focused on the emotional aspect of marriage but rather growth in reputation and status. The characters in Oscar Wilde’s works, The Importance of Being Earnest and TheRead MoreCharacteristics Of Victorian Literature1437 Words   |  6 Pages Are the Victorians Romantics? Characteristics of Victorian literature are largely artists that are inspired by both the art that came before them and the event that occurred during the time that they were working. Victorian literature is largely characterized by the struggle of working people and the triumph of right over wrong, which do in part can be hard to decipher at times. This means that a piece of work can seem Victoria, but may not have been written in the Victorian era, or something canRead MoreFlatland : A Romance Of Many Dimensions813 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Victorian era. The novel Flatland refers to the Victorian era where at the time women were regarding as inferior to males and the family life was practically the only respectable career option for a woman. The man was the leader of the family and the wife was to teach the children and care for the house and her husband. Just before the time of the writing of Flatland girl’s schools were included under the Endowed Schools Act of 1869, but in comparison to their male counterparts Victorian femalesRead MoreThe Influence Of Victorian Society On Relationships And Marriage1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Victorian Society on Relationships and Marriage Marriage was of utmost importance during the 1830’s to the 1900’s. The â€Å"ideal† relationship had been searched for by both men and women using the standards that the commonwealth had created. When reading Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and associating it to society’s expectations for both genders throughout the Victorian era, people are depicted as being very effected and influenced by the set rules and boundaries.Read MoreVictorian and Edwardian Advertising 798 Words   |  3 Pagespainting. Later in 18th century, Victorian and Edwardian Britain left a big impact on the advertising industry, in where the advertising developed and increased dramatically ever since. The Victorian and Edwardian Britain reflected the social and economic changes in that era in term of the advertising method, the types of products advertised and the expansion of the advertising industry. Historical background of Victorian and Edwardian Britain The Victorian Era was the period of Queen Victorian’sRead MoreOscar Wilde s A Woman Of No Importance1057 Words   |  5 PagesOscar Wilde’s A Woman of No Importance, written and published in 1893, a witty melodrama that challenges morality, piety, and depicts gender inequalities in the Victorian Era. Critics deemed A Woman of No Importance as being on the, â€Å"weakest of the plays Wilde wrote,† 1 of the 19th Century because was described as being very shocking and unpleasant to theatergoers of this time for questioning the gender inequalities of the era. Moreover, this play is characterized as being a sentimental comedy whereRead MoreThe Lady Of Shalott By Tennyson And Goblin Market1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Victorian age is a challenging era to outline. There was a handful of reasons on why it was such a challenging time. One of the main problematic topics was gender roles being very controversial. Men were looked at being intelligent and the leader of the family while women were the ones to care for the children and keep up on the domestic duties. While there were many women that accepted the typical gender roles, there were many women that were not accepting. In both poem, â€Å"The Lady of Shalott†Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Angel Of The House 893 W ords   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Angel in the House† During the Victorian Era in 1837 the period that was ruled by Queen Victoria I, women endured many social disadvantages by living in a world entirely dominated by men. Around that time most women had to be innocent, virtuous, dutiful and be ignorant of intellectual opinion. It was also a time associated with prudishness and repression. Their sole window on the world would, of course, be her husband. During this important era, the idea of the â€Å"Angel in the House† was

Essay on Maywood Academy To Charter or Not to Charter

To my fellow community and all present here today, we are faced with a problem bigger than we thought it would be, either to go charter or not! What does charter mean to you? To me it means being isolated in a prison ruled by selfish stubborn officials that don’t take our education and our future seriously! Some of us might take it lightly while on others it has a huge impact. I, as a fellow student will not stand for this. I demand for my voice to be heard; not only for myself, but for others too. And together we will prevail. Maywood Academy gives a lot of opportunities too many students that want to succeed in life. With charter, all those opportunities will just go down the drain. Education is a precious thing and should not be†¦show more content†¦All they will do is just bring us down. Charter is treating our school like if we are something to fight over. We aren’t just plain anything, we are a community united. And this is our school! Let’s not be selfish and just think of our generation but the generations after us. Be fair and let them have the same opportunities as we did. But then again, how would I know that my classmates and I will have those future opportunities if we go charter. On the other hand, let us speak our mind and let us be. If we go charter, how will we know if our school will stay the same? Charter means semi-private and semi-public. But how do we know if it’s going to be more private than public. Right now Maywood Academy is part of our community and it is open to the public but if we go charter our school won’t belong to us but to a company that will have the rights to make the rules not knowing whether it will be good for us or bad. We shall not take that risk because we are doing well and if they make the rules there is a chance that they might bring us down. In private schools, special-ed kids aren’t accepted, so how do we know if special-ed kids will be accepted at our â€Å"new† school? Their futures will be lost too! Not only them but kids with problems concentrating in school. How would we know if teachers from charter will have the patience to teach them? If Maywood Academy goes charter there is a big risk of loosing half the staff members and many

To What Extent Did the Russian Economy Improve in the Period 1894 to 1914 Free Essays

The Russian economy is universally declared to have been a thoroughly backward prior to 1890s therefore it is highly likely that there was economic improvement in the given period; however the extent of this is difficult to define due to the varying manifestations of economic improvement and the independence with which they may occur. The finance minister during this period was Sergei Witte, and to him the majority of the improvements are credited, yet the improvement was not universal. Whether this was him personally or simply a product the awful conditions which the Russian economy rose from is to be decided. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Did the Russian Economy Improve in the Period 1894 to 1914? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1897, 82% of the Russian population were peasants, leading one to the believe that any economic improvement must be both partially caused by and result in improvements in this area. This is because generally the greater the economic improvement the greater the amount of people are involved in bringing it about and the greater the number of people it affects for the better. The situation in 1894 was a mass of peasants that owned small and mainly subsistence farms. This meant that they sold very little of their produce and therefore had very little money. This was bad for two reasons. Firstly if they sold little then the state would have very little to sell to other countries, meaning that no extra wealth was coming in to Russia. Secondly, if the peasants had little money than they would not be able to buy much. If we acknowledge John Keynes’ theory of demand as true, this lack of it can only be seen as a severe impediment to the Russian economy. To answer the question, one must therefore decide if either the peasants started producing enough to sell or if less people were peasants. There is evidence to suggest that between 1890 and 1910 there was an increase of 38 million tonnes of cereals produced. One could argue that this shows economic improvement because they were working the land more efficiently, and therefore selling more so getting richer, the extra wealth generated would be pumped into other areas such as manufacturing due to the rise in demand. In addition the extra grain acquired by the government could be sold to other countries, and this money could then be spent on industry, improving the economy. This theory is complemented by the fact that between 1897 and 1914 Odessa, the major gain exporting port, saw a rise in population from 403 thousand to 499 thousand, which would lead one to believe that more eople lived there because there was more work to be done because there was more grain to export. On the other hand it could be believed that this does not show an improving economy firstly because it 74 million tonnes in 1910 is actually a lot less per hector then more developed countries were able to produce. They were still poor in comparison with other countries s uch as England which had experienced the industrial revolution and therefore had more efficient farming. In addition it must be taken into account that the population of Russia was rapidly increasing at this time, it doubled between 1861 and 1914 to 130 million people, therefore this increase in food production would not have lead to a vast amount of either overseas income or surplus money because they needed to eat most of it. This argument would lead one to the belief that on both an international and internal scale the agriculture of Russia shows very little economic improvement. It is, however commonly acknowledged that a failing of Witte’s was his lack of action in the agricultural department. The fact that in 1914 four-fifths of the population were still peasants that we have already asserted helped very little towards an economic improvement puts into great doubt the scale of such an improvement. Nevertheless it is possible for large change to be implemented by few people therefore instead of passing judgement based only on Witte’s weakest area of economic reform the others must be examined. Transport is highly necessary for a good economy because it allows workers to move to where there are jobs, business to trade goods with ease and ideas to spread quickly. Witte was aware of this and therefore undertook a massive project of railway extension going from 19510 miles of track in 1891 to 43850 miles in 1913. This included the Trans-Siberian railway which stretched from Moscow to Vladivostok and was meant to encourage the migration of workers from remote area to the manufacturing centre. Unfortunately this project was a disappointment internally as east-west migration did not increase significantly, which perhaps in explained by the fact that in 1914 sections were still incomplete. One could argue that the smaller scale railways were just as important because they allowed peasants to move from the overcrowded agricultural land to the cities where they could benefit the economy by working in factories. This may have happened to a small extent however we have already concluded that the majority of the peasants stayed peasants, besides by law peasants had to gain permission from village elders to move , stifling the desired rural to urban migration and therefore economic improvement. It must therefore be decided that internally the transport revolution helped to improve the Russian economy to an unexpectedly small amount. However the railway system in its vastness attracted international attention that was to improve the economy in other ways. The Trans-Siberian Railway was seen by other countries as a symbol of Russian enterprise and advancing society; this positive attention encouraged them to trade with Russia, therefore bringing in money, which in the long term would create demand and subsequently improving the Russian economy. Figures to back this are those of the comparative industrial output which rose from 109. 5 in 1904 to 163. 5 in 1913. As four fifths of the population were virtually incapable of buying this, we can only assume that the excess was either sold abroad or used on the railways. This will have brought money into Russia, improving the economy. One must then decide if the benefits of the foreign trade and the kick starting of industry was worth the massive amount the railways would have cost the government. In the long term it must be considered so, as without both something and someone to trade with the Russian economy would have taken much longer to improve. In addition, although the intended benefits were not seen within the given period, they may have appeared later, if the country had not been disrupted by war. However in the given time span economic improvement due to the railway was limited to the sector of foreign trust and therefore sales. The actual production of goods is often a good indicator of the success of an economy. There is no doubt that this happened in the years 1894 to 1914. For example between the years 1890 and 1913 the annual production in millions of tons rose from 5. to 35. 4 in coal, 0. 89 to 9. 1 in pig iron and 3. 9 to 9. 1 in oil. This is proof that in the industrial sector there was economic improvement. However it is known that much of this improvement was state directed, which would be fine if it were not for the fact that this direction was financed heavily by overseas loans. This meant that though the economy did improve, it was not strong in the way the France and Britain’s were because it firstl y needed state intervention to keep it going and secondly could not finance itself. If the improvements in this period in the economy could be continued over another twenty years, then it is probable that the loans would have been paid off and state intervention no longer necessary to such a large degree, however in this time period such drastic improvements were not possible. Therefore it must be understood although the industrial part of the economy did improve in measurements such as output and turnover during the given time period, it did not stabilise in a way that would make it strong. The improvement of an economy is all comparative, as well as comparing the Russian economy to how it way at the start and finish of the given period we must also compare it’s improvement to that of other countries, so as to create a more contextual answer. Of the five great powers, Russia shows the least increase in national income between 1894 and 1913 at 50% however its growth in national product between 1898 and 1913 is the highest at 96. 8%. The latter figure shows that Russia’s production of goods had gone up by fa more than its rivals, showing that the economy defiantly improved. After our inspection of both the industrial and agricultural sides of the economy it is possible to say that this improvement was almost entirely in industry. Never the less this shows great economic improvement. On the other hand the fact that Russia’s national income had increased the least shows that the people of Russia were not richer in comparison with the rest of the world. This may be firstly explained by the great increase in Russia’s population. Although production may have increased, the profit from it had to be shared out between more people. Therefore as a country the economy had improved but for the individual it was hardy better. Although this is still economic improvement it is far more precarious as unhappy individuals may lead to economy damaging strikes such as the 3574 in Russia, in 1914. The fact that other countries such as Britain invested in Russian economy supports the idea that the country as a whole was improving economically, as these advanced countries would not risk their money otherwise. The reason for this was firstly the railways, as has been discussed but also the fact that in 1897, the Russian currency was put on the Gold standard. This gave it strength when exchanged with other currencies, again helping Russia in the international climate but making it harder for Russian inhabitants to buy anything as prices naturally increased. Although putting the Russian rouble on the gold standard helped to stabilise the currency itself, it was not so powerful a move as to stabilise the economy and in fact added to the instability by further decreasing home sales. Therefore the Russian economy was improving greatly in comparison with its rivals in overseas sales and production, but this improvement was limited by domestic instabilities that Russia’s rivals had to a much lower degree. In conclusion the Russian economy did improve greatly between 1894 and 1914 however this improvement was confined to a very small sector of the economy. That sector was industry on a national scale. On an individual scale this improvement of the economy amounted to very little, with wages not allowing a significant growth in home demand. The agricultural side of the economy also improved very little, meaning that by 1914 four fifths of the people were not involved in the economical improvements to any great extent. The fact that the economic improvement was restricted to one area meant that it was unstable. On the other hand, although it must then be assumed that this improvement was greatly superficial in 1914, Russia was starting from the very bottom and therefore it is unlikely that a vastly improved in all areas and stable economy was possible in 20 years. If Russia’s economical improvement was extended at that rate for another 20 years then it would have had time to both gain security and reach out into other sectors that were overlooked in 1914, such as light industry. Therefore it must be concluded that between 1894 and 1913 there was great improvement in one area of the economy, which, due to its confinement was superficiality in an economic overview, yet due to the awful conditions in which this improvement operated in, it must be deemed substantial. How to cite To What Extent Did the Russian Economy Improve in the Period 1894 to 1914?, Papers

Consumer decision of making across modern - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumer decision of making across modern. Answer: Introduction This report will discuss about the consumer decision-making process of Sony. In addition, the primary and secondary target market of Sony will be determined and analyzed in terms of different segmentation aspects. The current perception of the consumers around the world regarding the products of Sony will also be discussed along with discussing the effectiveness of their advertisement on the perception of the consumers. In accordance to the identified factors, recommendations will be provided in order to have effective and ideal marketing mix of Sony. Company profile In the current business scenario, there are only a few business organizations, which are having huge brand presence and value across the world along with having a positive brand preference among the consumers. Among those certain brands, Sony is one of the leading one, which is having diversified product portfolio and have their market presence around the world. Sony was founded in Japan by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita in 7th May 1946 (Sony.net 2018). Sony is having their presence in different business sectors ranging from electronics, gaming consoles to entertainment including producing movies and music. They also have the leadership status in the market of semiconductor. Sony is having the presence in the financial and banking sector also. as of 2017, Sony is ranked at 105th in the Fortune Global 500 list of companies. Thus, Sony is one of the largest and profitable business corporations in the world. Product portfolio Among all the sectors earlier discussed, Sony is mostly popular in the electronics business having mobile devices, music devices, televisions and camera in their product portfolio. Sony is one of frontrunners in introducing advanced and innovative products in the market. They are known for the introduction of Walkman, which initiated the idea of portable music players in the market (Du Gay et al. 2013). Moreover, their camera is also well known and popular around the world. The mobile devices of Sony also went through different innovations in terms design, sound and camera. They first introduced the concept of swivel mobile phone in the market. However, with time, their entire product range went through modifications in terms of different aspects such as mobile devices of Sony were previously powered by Symbian and now they are powered by Android. Their televisions are previously having picture tube and now they are having LED panels. Marketing trend The product life cycle for Sony is varied and diverse due to their huge variety in product portfolio. They have introduced products in different sectors in different time period. Thus, some of their new products are in the growth stage and some of them are in the maturity stage. For instance, the life cycle of their walkman series is in the decline stage along with their televisions with picture tubes. On the other hand, the latest mobile devices introduced by Sony under the Experia range are in the growth stage. The LED panel televisions and music systems of Sony are in the maturity stage due to the reason that, Sony is having maximum market penetration in the market of music system. In the recent times, the competition for Sony is rapidly increasing in the electronics sector mainly from the rise of the cheap Chinese competitors. Moreover, other established players such as Apple and Samsung are also proving threat to Sony by introducing more updated products in the market. In terms of the mobile device market, Sony is facing losses and are trailing behind the major competitors. Figure: 1 Market share of Sony mobile Source: (Android Authority 2018) The above figure shows that Sony is trailing behind established players such as Apple and Samsung along with the Chinese brands. Thus, in this case, the effective determination of the requirement of the market along with the up gradation of the innovative features in their mobile devices is important. Figure: 2 Sales of Sony from their different business sectors Source: (Statista 2018) the above data shows that, Sony is fetching maximum revenue from their gaming and networking business followed by their financial sectors. The electronics business of them is rapidly decreasing in terms of generating revenue. Thus, it is important for them to identify the key barriers in their electronics business and implement steps in accordance to that. Marketing strategies of Sony Sony being one of the leading multinational corporations initiates extensive marketing strategies covering different sections and segments of the society. Sony electronics follow various distinctive and innovative marketing approaches in order to cater to more numbers of customers. In terms of the Porters generic strategies, Sony follows cost leadership and differentiation strategy rather than the focus strategy (Arnett and Wittmann 2014). This is mainly due to the reason that, the products of Sony covers both the higher end and mass market customers. Thus, economies of scale enable them to maintain the cost leadership along with providing multiple innovative and advanced features in their products to create the distinctive approach in the market. They also initiate the sponsorship of various sporting events such as sponsoring the FIFA world cup of 2010 and 2014. This helps them to attract and cover more numbers of customers at one go along with enhancing the brand identity around the world. They also have separate advertising campaigns for their products and they all are designed according to the preference and cultural pattern of the target market (Turco 2015). Identification of the target market As earlier discussed, Sony is having huge variety of products and covers different customer segments at different income sets and ages. Thus, the primary target market for Sony will also be huge ranging among different customer segments (Cross, Belich and Rudelius 2015). However, segmentation of the market comprise of different aspects. The following sections will analyze the primary target market of Sony in terms of different aspects. Demographics In terms of the demographic segmentation, the primary target market for Sony is the age group between 18 to 50 years of age. The target age group is huge due to the reason that, the mobile and music products will target the lower age groups. On the other hand, products such as televisions will attract the higher age group (Hamka et al. 2014). In terms of the income segments, the target market of Sony is the middle and higher class population. This is due to the reason that, they are having niche and higher end products targeted for the higher end customers. On the other hand, their mass market products will be affordable for the middle class customers. In terms of the family size, the primary target market for Sony will be everyone ranging from single individual to family man. Home music systems will target the family man and portable music system will cater to the single individuals. Psychographics In terms of the psychographic segmentation, the primary target market of Sony is the active and socially aware people. This is due to the reason that, the updated products being introduced by them in the market will attract these sections only rather than the traditionalists and conservatives (Gunter and Furnham 2014). However, the conservatives and the traditionalists are also the secondary target market for Sony due to the reason that, Sony is an age old company and there are certain loyal customers for them who are willing the products of Sony only. Behavioral In terms of the buying intentions, the primary target customers for Sony are the tech-savvy customers. This is due to the reason that, tech-savvy people will get attracted by the rapid change in the technology in the electronic products. Conservatives will not be interested to update themselves with the latest technologies (Yao et al. 2014). Moreover, the target customers for will be the quality centric with having the potentiality of heavy usage. The buying decision will be mainly based on benefits such as seamless operation and good after sales service. Recommended secondary target market From the above analysis, the existing target market of Sony is being discussed. However, from the above analysis, it can be concluded that, the age group above 50 and below 65 can be targeted with different product category. This is due to the reason that, in the recent time, customers having age above 50 are attracting more towards the technological products. Moreover, Sony is trailing behind their competitors in their existing target market; this new target segment will create business opportunity for them. Products such as user friendly mobile devices, televisions and home music systems will be the key to target this segment. Existing product mix strategy of Sony Product The products of Sony ranging from the televisions to the mobile devices are designed and loaded with latest technologies in order to the tech-savvy target customers. Moreover, the product range of Sony is being changed according to the current trend in the market. For instance, they introduced walkman series mobile phone when music in the mobile devices are accepted by the customers. Currently, Sony is selling Android powered Smartphone to cater the current trend and requirement of the market (Hsiao 2013). The products are made durable and long lasting in order to fulfill the expectation of the loyal customers and the behavioral aspects of them Price In order to target the middle and higher class customers, all the product categories of Sony are offered in different price segments. For instance, Sony Experia mobile devices are sold in mid price range and higher price range. Pricing is being initiated according to the latest technologies being loaded with the products. This enables them to push the older products by offering lower price. Place The primary target market of Sony is the middle age people and thus, online marketing is equally promoted along with the offline marketing. This helps them to cater to more numbers of customers at one go. The stores are also designed according to the taste and preference pattern of the target customers (Prashar 2013). Thus, initiation of the Omni-channel marketing is helping Sony to target both traditionalists and the tech-savvy customers (Fulgoni 2014). Promotion Promotional activities of Sony involves both online and offline mediums (Zhurkina, Ukhanova and Nikishin 2015). Promoting through offline medium such as sponsoring sporting events and with the help of the electronic media helps to target the largest sections of the target section. Online promotion helps to target the tech-savvy customers and the lower age target market (Hing et al. 2014). Consumer decision making process Brand perception For the contemporary business organizations such as Sony, consumer perception regarding the brand is important for enhancing the future business scenario. There are various modes and process by which, the business organizations tray to create positive perception among the target customers. Sony also initiates different policies in order to create the positive perception for their brands (Zenker and Beckmann 2013). One of the key activities promoted by them is the initiation of the corporate social responsibilities. This helps them to have positive implications on the perception of the customers. The current perception of the customers regarding the brand of Sony is the manufacturer of gaming consoles, mobile devices, music players, televisions and camera with having relatively higher price point compared to their competitors and with having attractive designs. Brand expectation Consumers opting or buying the products of Sony have the motivation for having branded products, which will enhance their social status. In addition, customers are also motivating towards the fact that the products of Sony will be of higher quality and will be durable. Thus, the chance of disputes will be less and the customer service will also be favorable. The anticipated returns for the customers from the Sony products are to have long lasting and durable products with having latest and user friendly features. Consumer decision making process Need recognition Identification of the need for the consumers is generally originated from internal and external sources. Internal sources for need generation for Sony products are the need to have a technologically updated product from an established brand (Maity and Dass 2014). External sources include advertisements of the products and communicating the benefits of using the products to the potential customers (Mortimer and Pressey 2013). Information search The next step involves the search for the information regarding the products in the markets. In the case of the products from Sony, customers can derive the information from online as well as from the offline mediums. Social media is one of the key sources for deriving information for the products. Evaluation of alternatives Information search lead to the identification of a few alternatives (Aruldoss, Lakshmi and Venkatesan 2013). Evaluation of the alternatives is being done by the customers regarding the offered features, price, design and utility. Sony are having huge variants of their products are having higher potential to get selected. Purchase The final decision is the purchasing of the most effective one from the available alternatives (Sallam 2014). The more positive impact of the Sony will be on the customers, the more will be the probability to get selected. Effectiveness of the advertisement of Sony As discussed earlier, Sony is having extensive policy of advertising their products involving different mediums. Advertisement plays the key role of communicating the benefits of the products to the customers. In the case of Sony, distinctive approach and design of the advertisements helps to gain the attention of the customers. Moreover, the approach of the advertisements for Sony is designed according to the local taste and preference pattern of the target market. The approach of the advertisement of Sony is more informative and thus, it helps in maximizing the interest of the customers. Moreover, it is also to be noted that, the advertisement of Sony is customer centric. This is due to the reason that, their advertisement communicates the benefits to be gained by the customers. Another key attribute of the advertisements of Sony is that, they are being designed according to the local taste and cultures of different locations around the world. This helps them to target the customers effectively. On the other hand, the personalization attribute initiated by them in the case of the home gadgets, while they use their global promotional approach for their mobile devices. Recommendations As discussed earlier, customers above the age of 50 should also be targeted. This will help to reduce the dependency on the over competitive existing target market of them. Moreover, the competition is also lower in the older age group. Thus, Sony will have more untapped to grow their business. The product should be made more affordable due to the reason that though Sony is having mass market models, but still they are expensive compared to their competitors. Thus, in order to compete in the market, they need to reduce the price further. In this case, it is being recommended that, Sony should benchmark some of their competitors and offer their products accordingly. If the pricing of their products can be well aligned with the quality being offered by them, then the market opportunity will be high for Sony. Electronic products of Sony are having latest technologies but they always acts as late mover in the market. Thus, their products should be updated with latest technologies more frequently in order to tap the market effectively. In the case of their mobile devices, there are various technologies that are not being used by their competitors but not be them. Thus, Sony should initiate the strategy of early bird in proving new technologies. Sony should have their offline stores in the tier II and tier III cities in order to tap those markets. This will reduce the dependency on the tier I markets. Moreover, major sections of the tier I and tier II cities especially in the developing countries are untapped. Thus, it will be a huge opportunity for Sony. The promotional activities should be aligned with the social media. This will help to change the approach of the promotion according to the determination of the market trend. Moreover, initiation of the social media marketing will also help them to enhance their brand value and loyalty among the customers. Thus, in the current business scenario, it is important for them to maintain the favorable brand image in the market. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that, in the recent time, Sony is facing the issue of increased competition in the market. Thus, the revenue generation of them is rapidly reducing. This report discussed about the existing target market of Sony along with the recommended target market strategies. Customer perception regarding the branding of Sony is also being discussed in this report. Moreover, various recommendations are provided according to the customer purchase behavior of Sony products. Reference Android Authority. (2018).Why is Sony's mobile business in the red?. [online] Available at: https://www.androidauthority.com/sonys-mobile-business-struggles-528720/ [Accessed 9 Jan. 2018]. Arnett, D.B. and Wittmann, C.M., 2014. Improving marketing success: The role of tacit knowledge exchange between sales and marketing.Journal of Business Research,67(3), pp.324-331. Aruldoss, M., Lakshmi, T.M. and Venkatesan, V.P., 2013. A survey on multi criteria decision making methods and its applications.American Journal of Information Systems,1(1), pp.31-43. Cross, J.C., Belich, T.J. and Rudelius, W., 2015. How marketing managers use market segmentation: An exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer, Cham. Du Gay, P., Hall, S., Janes, L., Madsen, A.K., Mackay, H. and Negus, K., 2013.Doing cultural studies: The story of the Sony Walkman. Sage. Fulgoni, G.M., 2014. Omni-Channel Retail Insights and The Consumer's Path-to-Purchase.Journal of Advertising Research,54(4), pp.377-380. Gunter, B. and Furnham, A., 2014.Consumer Profiles (RLE Consumer Behaviour): An Introduction to Psychographics(Vol. 5). Routledge. Hamka, F., Bouwman, H., De Reuver, M. and Kroesen, M., 2014. Mobile customer segmentation based on smartphone measurement.Telematics and Informatics,31(2), pp.220-227. Hing, N., Cherney, L., Blaszczynski, A., Gainsbury, S.M. and Lubman, D.I., 2014. Do advertising and promotions for online gambling increase gambling consumption? An exploratory study.International Gambling Studies,14(3), pp.394-409. Hsiao, K.L., 2013. Android smartphone adoption and intention to pay for mobile internet: Perspectives from software, hardware, design, and value.Library Hi Tech,31(2), pp.216-235. Maity, M. and Dass, M., 2014. Consumer decision-making across modern and traditional channels: E-commerce, m-commerce, in-store.Decision Support Systems,61, pp.34-46. Mortimer, K. and Pressey, A., 2013. Consumer information search and credence services: implications for service providers.Journal of Services Marketing,27(1), pp.49-58. Prashar, A., 2013. Drivers of store choice in an evolving market: An empirical study.International Journal of Advancements in Research Technology,2(8), pp.195-202. Sallam, M.A., 2014. The effects of brand image and brand identification on brand love and purchase decision making: the role of WOM.International Business Research,7(10), p.187. Sony.net. (2018).Sony Global - History. [online] Available at: https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/ [Accessed 9 Jan. 2018]. Statista. (2018).Sony sales by business segments 2012-2017 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/297533/sony-sales-worldwide-by-business-segment/ [Accessed 9 Jan. 2018]. Turco, D.M., 2015. The influence of sponsorship on product recall and image among sport spectators. InProceedings of the 1995 World Marketing Congress(pp. 8-12). Springer, Cham. Yao, Z., Sarlin, P., Eklund, T. and Back, B., 2014. Combining visual customer segmentation and response modeling.Neural Computing and Applications,25(1), pp.123-134. Zenker, S. and Beckmann, S.C., 2013. My place is not your placedifferent place brand knowledge by different target groups.Journal of Place Management and Development,6(1), pp.6-17. Zhurkina, L.S., Ukhanova, J.A. and Nikishin, A.F., 2015. Promotional activities in trade and different ways to improve them.Austrian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, (5-6), pp.157-158.

Consumer decision of making across modern - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumer decision of making across modern. Answer: Introduction This report will discuss about the consumer decision-making process of Sony. In addition, the primary and secondary target market of Sony will be determined and analyzed in terms of different segmentation aspects. The current perception of the consumers around the world regarding the products of Sony will also be discussed along with discussing the effectiveness of their advertisement on the perception of the consumers. In accordance to the identified factors, recommendations will be provided in order to have effective and ideal marketing mix of Sony. Company profile In the current business scenario, there are only a few business organizations, which are having huge brand presence and value across the world along with having a positive brand preference among the consumers. Among those certain brands, Sony is one of the leading one, which is having diversified product portfolio and have their market presence around the world. Sony was founded in Japan by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita in 7th May 1946 (Sony.net 2018). Sony is having their presence in different business sectors ranging from electronics, gaming consoles to entertainment including producing movies and music. They also have the leadership status in the market of semiconductor. Sony is having the presence in the financial and banking sector also. as of 2017, Sony is ranked at 105th in the Fortune Global 500 list of companies. Thus, Sony is one of the largest and profitable business corporations in the world. Product portfolio Among all the sectors earlier discussed, Sony is mostly popular in the electronics business having mobile devices, music devices, televisions and camera in their product portfolio. Sony is one of frontrunners in introducing advanced and innovative products in the market. They are known for the introduction of Walkman, which initiated the idea of portable music players in the market (Du Gay et al. 2013). Moreover, their camera is also well known and popular around the world. The mobile devices of Sony also went through different innovations in terms design, sound and camera. They first introduced the concept of swivel mobile phone in the market. However, with time, their entire product range went through modifications in terms of different aspects such as mobile devices of Sony were previously powered by Symbian and now they are powered by Android. Their televisions are previously having picture tube and now they are having LED panels. Marketing trend The product life cycle for Sony is varied and diverse due to their huge variety in product portfolio. They have introduced products in different sectors in different time period. Thus, some of their new products are in the growth stage and some of them are in the maturity stage. For instance, the life cycle of their walkman series is in the decline stage along with their televisions with picture tubes. On the other hand, the latest mobile devices introduced by Sony under the Experia range are in the growth stage. The LED panel televisions and music systems of Sony are in the maturity stage due to the reason that, Sony is having maximum market penetration in the market of music system. In the recent times, the competition for Sony is rapidly increasing in the electronics sector mainly from the rise of the cheap Chinese competitors. Moreover, other established players such as Apple and Samsung are also proving threat to Sony by introducing more updated products in the market. In terms of the mobile device market, Sony is facing losses and are trailing behind the major competitors. Figure: 1 Market share of Sony mobile Source: (Android Authority 2018) The above figure shows that Sony is trailing behind established players such as Apple and Samsung along with the Chinese brands. Thus, in this case, the effective determination of the requirement of the market along with the up gradation of the innovative features in their mobile devices is important. Figure: 2 Sales of Sony from their different business sectors Source: (Statista 2018) the above data shows that, Sony is fetching maximum revenue from their gaming and networking business followed by their financial sectors. The electronics business of them is rapidly decreasing in terms of generating revenue. Thus, it is important for them to identify the key barriers in their electronics business and implement steps in accordance to that. Marketing strategies of Sony Sony being one of the leading multinational corporations initiates extensive marketing strategies covering different sections and segments of the society. Sony electronics follow various distinctive and innovative marketing approaches in order to cater to more numbers of customers. In terms of the Porters generic strategies, Sony follows cost leadership and differentiation strategy rather than the focus strategy (Arnett and Wittmann 2014). This is mainly due to the reason that, the products of Sony covers both the higher end and mass market customers. Thus, economies of scale enable them to maintain the cost leadership along with providing multiple innovative and advanced features in their products to create the distinctive approach in the market. They also initiate the sponsorship of various sporting events such as sponsoring the FIFA world cup of 2010 and 2014. This helps them to attract and cover more numbers of customers at one go along with enhancing the brand identity around the world. They also have separate advertising campaigns for their products and they all are designed according to the preference and cultural pattern of the target market (Turco 2015). Identification of the target market As earlier discussed, Sony is having huge variety of products and covers different customer segments at different income sets and ages. Thus, the primary target market for Sony will also be huge ranging among different customer segments (Cross, Belich and Rudelius 2015). However, segmentation of the market comprise of different aspects. The following sections will analyze the primary target market of Sony in terms of different aspects. Demographics In terms of the demographic segmentation, the primary target market for Sony is the age group between 18 to 50 years of age. The target age group is huge due to the reason that, the mobile and music products will target the lower age groups. On the other hand, products such as televisions will attract the higher age group (Hamka et al. 2014). In terms of the income segments, the target market of Sony is the middle and higher class population. This is due to the reason that, they are having niche and higher end products targeted for the higher end customers. On the other hand, their mass market products will be affordable for the middle class customers. In terms of the family size, the primary target market for Sony will be everyone ranging from single individual to family man. Home music systems will target the family man and portable music system will cater to the single individuals. Psychographics In terms of the psychographic segmentation, the primary target market of Sony is the active and socially aware people. This is due to the reason that, the updated products being introduced by them in the market will attract these sections only rather than the traditionalists and conservatives (Gunter and Furnham 2014). However, the conservatives and the traditionalists are also the secondary target market for Sony due to the reason that, Sony is an age old company and there are certain loyal customers for them who are willing the products of Sony only. Behavioral In terms of the buying intentions, the primary target customers for Sony are the tech-savvy customers. This is due to the reason that, tech-savvy people will get attracted by the rapid change in the technology in the electronic products. Conservatives will not be interested to update themselves with the latest technologies (Yao et al. 2014). Moreover, the target customers for will be the quality centric with having the potentiality of heavy usage. The buying decision will be mainly based on benefits such as seamless operation and good after sales service. Recommended secondary target market From the above analysis, the existing target market of Sony is being discussed. However, from the above analysis, it can be concluded that, the age group above 50 and below 65 can be targeted with different product category. This is due to the reason that, in the recent time, customers having age above 50 are attracting more towards the technological products. Moreover, Sony is trailing behind their competitors in their existing target market; this new target segment will create business opportunity for them. Products such as user friendly mobile devices, televisions and home music systems will be the key to target this segment. Existing product mix strategy of Sony Product The products of Sony ranging from the televisions to the mobile devices are designed and loaded with latest technologies in order to the tech-savvy target customers. Moreover, the product range of Sony is being changed according to the current trend in the market. For instance, they introduced walkman series mobile phone when music in the mobile devices are accepted by the customers. Currently, Sony is selling Android powered Smartphone to cater the current trend and requirement of the market (Hsiao 2013). The products are made durable and long lasting in order to fulfill the expectation of the loyal customers and the behavioral aspects of them Price In order to target the middle and higher class customers, all the product categories of Sony are offered in different price segments. For instance, Sony Experia mobile devices are sold in mid price range and higher price range. Pricing is being initiated according to the latest technologies being loaded with the products. This enables them to push the older products by offering lower price. Place The primary target market of Sony is the middle age people and thus, online marketing is equally promoted along with the offline marketing. This helps them to cater to more numbers of customers at one go. The stores are also designed according to the taste and preference pattern of the target customers (Prashar 2013). Thus, initiation of the Omni-channel marketing is helping Sony to target both traditionalists and the tech-savvy customers (Fulgoni 2014). Promotion Promotional activities of Sony involves both online and offline mediums (Zhurkina, Ukhanova and Nikishin 2015). Promoting through offline medium such as sponsoring sporting events and with the help of the electronic media helps to target the largest sections of the target section. Online promotion helps to target the tech-savvy customers and the lower age target market (Hing et al. 2014). Consumer decision making process Brand perception For the contemporary business organizations such as Sony, consumer perception regarding the brand is important for enhancing the future business scenario. There are various modes and process by which, the business organizations tray to create positive perception among the target customers. Sony also initiates different policies in order to create the positive perception for their brands (Zenker and Beckmann 2013). One of the key activities promoted by them is the initiation of the corporate social responsibilities. This helps them to have positive implications on the perception of the customers. The current perception of the customers regarding the brand of Sony is the manufacturer of gaming consoles, mobile devices, music players, televisions and camera with having relatively higher price point compared to their competitors and with having attractive designs. Brand expectation Consumers opting or buying the products of Sony have the motivation for having branded products, which will enhance their social status. In addition, customers are also motivating towards the fact that the products of Sony will be of higher quality and will be durable. Thus, the chance of disputes will be less and the customer service will also be favorable. The anticipated returns for the customers from the Sony products are to have long lasting and durable products with having latest and user friendly features. Consumer decision making process Need recognition Identification of the need for the consumers is generally originated from internal and external sources. Internal sources for need generation for Sony products are the need to have a technologically updated product from an established brand (Maity and Dass 2014). External sources include advertisements of the products and communicating the benefits of using the products to the potential customers (Mortimer and Pressey 2013). Information search The next step involves the search for the information regarding the products in the markets. In the case of the products from Sony, customers can derive the information from online as well as from the offline mediums. Social media is one of the key sources for deriving information for the products. Evaluation of alternatives Information search lead to the identification of a few alternatives (Aruldoss, Lakshmi and Venkatesan 2013). Evaluation of the alternatives is being done by the customers regarding the offered features, price, design and utility. Sony are having huge variants of their products are having higher potential to get selected. Purchase The final decision is the purchasing of the most effective one from the available alternatives (Sallam 2014). The more positive impact of the Sony will be on the customers, the more will be the probability to get selected. Effectiveness of the advertisement of Sony As discussed earlier, Sony is having extensive policy of advertising their products involving different mediums. Advertisement plays the key role of communicating the benefits of the products to the customers. In the case of Sony, distinctive approach and design of the advertisements helps to gain the attention of the customers. Moreover, the approach of the advertisements for Sony is designed according to the local taste and preference pattern of the target market. The approach of the advertisement of Sony is more informative and thus, it helps in maximizing the interest of the customers. Moreover, it is also to be noted that, the advertisement of Sony is customer centric. This is due to the reason that, their advertisement communicates the benefits to be gained by the customers. Another key attribute of the advertisements of Sony is that, they are being designed according to the local taste and cultures of different locations around the world. This helps them to target the customers effectively. On the other hand, the personalization attribute initiated by them in the case of the home gadgets, while they use their global promotional approach for their mobile devices. Recommendations As discussed earlier, customers above the age of 50 should also be targeted. This will help to reduce the dependency on the over competitive existing target market of them. Moreover, the competition is also lower in the older age group. Thus, Sony will have more untapped to grow their business. The product should be made more affordable due to the reason that though Sony is having mass market models, but still they are expensive compared to their competitors. Thus, in order to compete in the market, they need to reduce the price further. In this case, it is being recommended that, Sony should benchmark some of their competitors and offer their products accordingly. If the pricing of their products can be well aligned with the quality being offered by them, then the market opportunity will be high for Sony. Electronic products of Sony are having latest technologies but they always acts as late mover in the market. Thus, their products should be updated with latest technologies more frequently in order to tap the market effectively. In the case of their mobile devices, there are various technologies that are not being used by their competitors but not be them. Thus, Sony should initiate the strategy of early bird in proving new technologies. Sony should have their offline stores in the tier II and tier III cities in order to tap those markets. This will reduce the dependency on the tier I markets. Moreover, major sections of the tier I and tier II cities especially in the developing countries are untapped. Thus, it will be a huge opportunity for Sony. The promotional activities should be aligned with the social media. This will help to change the approach of the promotion according to the determination of the market trend. Moreover, initiation of the social media marketing will also help them to enhance their brand value and loyalty among the customers. Thus, in the current business scenario, it is important for them to maintain the favorable brand image in the market. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that, in the recent time, Sony is facing the issue of increased competition in the market. Thus, the revenue generation of them is rapidly reducing. This report discussed about the existing target market of Sony along with the recommended target market strategies. Customer perception regarding the branding of Sony is also being discussed in this report. Moreover, various recommendations are provided according to the customer purchase behavior of Sony products. Reference Android Authority. (2018).Why is Sony's mobile business in the red?. [online] Available at: https://www.androidauthority.com/sonys-mobile-business-struggles-528720/ [Accessed 9 Jan. 2018]. Arnett, D.B. and Wittmann, C.M., 2014. Improving marketing success: The role of tacit knowledge exchange between sales and marketing.Journal of Business Research,67(3), pp.324-331. Aruldoss, M., Lakshmi, T.M. and Venkatesan, V.P., 2013. A survey on multi criteria decision making methods and its applications.American Journal of Information Systems,1(1), pp.31-43. Cross, J.C., Belich, T.J. and Rudelius, W., 2015. How marketing managers use market segmentation: An exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer, Cham. Du Gay, P., Hall, S., Janes, L., Madsen, A.K., Mackay, H. and Negus, K., 2013.Doing cultural studies: The story of the Sony Walkman. Sage. Fulgoni, G.M., 2014. Omni-Channel Retail Insights and The Consumer's Path-to-Purchase.Journal of Advertising Research,54(4), pp.377-380. Gunter, B. and Furnham, A., 2014.Consumer Profiles (RLE Consumer Behaviour): An Introduction to Psychographics(Vol. 5). Routledge. Hamka, F., Bouwman, H., De Reuver, M. and Kroesen, M., 2014. Mobile customer segmentation based on smartphone measurement.Telematics and Informatics,31(2), pp.220-227. Hing, N., Cherney, L., Blaszczynski, A., Gainsbury, S.M. and Lubman, D.I., 2014. Do advertising and promotions for online gambling increase gambling consumption? An exploratory study.International Gambling Studies,14(3), pp.394-409. Hsiao, K.L., 2013. Android smartphone adoption and intention to pay for mobile internet: Perspectives from software, hardware, design, and value.Library Hi Tech,31(2), pp.216-235. Maity, M. and Dass, M., 2014. Consumer decision-making across modern and traditional channels: E-commerce, m-commerce, in-store.Decision Support Systems,61, pp.34-46. Mortimer, K. and Pressey, A., 2013. Consumer information search and credence services: implications for service providers.Journal of Services Marketing,27(1), pp.49-58. Prashar, A., 2013. Drivers of store choice in an evolving market: An empirical study.International Journal of Advancements in Research Technology,2(8), pp.195-202. Sallam, M.A., 2014. The effects of brand image and brand identification on brand love and purchase decision making: the role of WOM.International Business Research,7(10), p.187. Sony.net. (2018).Sony Global - History. [online] Available at: https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/ [Accessed 9 Jan. 2018]. Statista. (2018).Sony sales by business segments 2012-2017 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/297533/sony-sales-worldwide-by-business-segment/ [Accessed 9 Jan. 2018]. Turco, D.M., 2015. The influence of sponsorship on product recall and image among sport spectators. InProceedings of the 1995 World Marketing Congress(pp. 8-12). Springer, Cham. Yao, Z., Sarlin, P., Eklund, T. and Back, B., 2014. Combining visual customer segmentation and response modeling.Neural Computing and Applications,25(1), pp.123-134. Zenker, S. and Beckmann, S.C., 2013. My place is not your placedifferent place brand knowledge by different target groups.Journal of Place Management and Development,6(1), pp.6-17. Zhurkina, L.S., Ukhanova, J.A. and Nikishin, A.F., 2015. Promotional activities in trade and different ways to improve them.Austrian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, (5-6), pp.157-158.